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The sentence “I saw the nightingale singing on the branch” is analyzed as follows: “Saw” is a past tense verb indicating a complete action. “The nightingale” is the object of the verb. “Singing” is a present tense verb with the subject being the hidden pronoun “he.” “On” is a preposition indicating place. “The branch” is the object of the preposition. The phrase “singing on the branch” functions as an adverbial phrase indicating the location of the action.